AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.5.3 The Structure of DNA
The Structure of DNA The nucleic acid DNA is a polynucleotide – it is made up of many nucleotides bonded together in a long chain A DNA nucleotide DNA molecules are made up of two pol...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.5.2 Nucleotide Structure & the Phosphodiester Bond
Nucleotide Structure & the Phosphodiester Bond Both DNA and RNA are polymers that are made up of many repeating units called nucleotides Each nucleotide is formed from: A pentose sugar (...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.14 Practical Skill: Controlling Variables & Calculating Uncertainty
Practical Skill: Control of Variables & Uncertainty Enzyme rate experiments are experiments that are carried out to determine the effect of changing a particular factor on the rate of a ...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.13 Models & Functions of Enzyme Action
Students should be able to: Appreciate the Models & Functions of Enzyme Action Models of enzyme action Scientists often use models to explain their observations from experiments As techn...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.12 Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors An enzyme's activity can be reduced or stopped, temporarily, by a reversible inhibitor There are two types of reversible inhibitors: Competitive inhibitors have a similar s...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.11 Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Substrate Concentration
Rate: Substrate Concentration The greater the substrate concentration, the higher the rate of reaction: As the number of substrate molecules increases, the likelihood of enzyme-substrate com...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.10 Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Enzyme Concentration
Rate: Enzyme Concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The higher the enzyme concentration in a reaction mixture, the greater the number of active sites available and the grea...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.9 Maths Skill: Calculating pH
Maths Skill: Calculating pH If the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of a solution is known, the pH can be calculated using the equation: pH = -log₁₀ [H⁺] You can find the ‘log’ function on yo...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记1.4.8 Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: pH
Rate: pH All enzymes have an optimum pH or a pH at which they operate best Enzymes are denatured at extremes of pH Hydrogen and ionic bonds hold the tertiary structure of the protein (ie. th...
