AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.6 Ionisation Energy
Ionisation Energies The Ionisation Energy (IE) of an element is the amount of energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to form one mole of...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.5 Electron Configuration
Deducing the Electron Configuration The Periodic Table is split up into four main blocks depending on their electron configuration Elements can be classified as an s-block element, p-block e...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.4 Shells and Orbitals
Electron Shells Shells The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the electron configuration Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in principal energy levels or principal quantum ...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.3 Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique It is the most useful instrument for accurate determination of the relative atomic mass of an element, b...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.2 Mass Number & Isotopes
Subatomic Structure of Atoms & Ions The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus, because the nucleus contains the heaviest subatomic particles (the neutrons and protons) The mass ...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.13 Uses of Genetic Fingerprinting
Uses of Genetic Fingerprinting Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common molecular biology technique used in most applications of gene technology, for example, DNA profiling (eg. identific...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.12 Genetic Fingerprinting
Genetic Fingerprinting DNA can be collected from almost anywhere on the body, e.g. the root of a hair or saliva from a cup. After collection DNA must be prepared for gel electrophoresis so t...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.11 Gel Electrophoresis
Apparatus & Techniques: Gel Electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis is a technique used widely in the analysis of DNA, RNA and proteins During electrophoresis the molecules are separated acc...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.10 Variable Number Tandem Repeats
Variable Number Tandem Repeats Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are regions found in the non-coding part of DNA A short DNA sequence (e.g. GATA) is repeated a variable number of times ...
