Apparatus & Techniques: Producing Tissue Cultures from Cauliflower Explants Creating clones of cauliflowers is used to demonstrate totipotency through the production of tissue culture Ca...
Evaluating the Use of Stem Cells Use of embryonic stem cells Due to their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, stem cells have huge potential in the therapeutic treatment of di...
Pluripotent & Unipotent Cells Pluripotent embryonic stem cells Pluripotent stem cells are embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type found in an embryo but are not ab...
The Effect of Genetic Mutations Mutations occur spontaneously and randomly during DNA replication As the DNA base sequence determines the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein, muta...
Required Practical: Investigating Factors Affecting Species Distribution Understanding how to investigate the effects of named environmental factors on the distribution of a given species is an imp...
Conservation & Human Need Humans use many resources from the Earth such as land (for settlements and agriculture), water, wood and fossil fuels As the human population increases and coun...
Apparatus & Techniques: Investigating Growth Rate Using Turbitity Measurements The population growth rate of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast, can be investigated by growing the...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology 复习笔记 2.7.5 Human Gas Exchange System Structure of the Breathing System The lungs are the gas exchange surface in humans All gas exchange surfaces have features in common w...
Primary Succession Ecosystems are dynamic, meaning that they are constantly changing Sometimes, ecosystems change from being very simple to being relatively complex This process is known as ...
