Index of Hydrogen Deficiency The degree of unsaturation or index of hydrogen deficiency provides information about the number of double or triple bonds in a molecule The IHD is the number of hydrog...
Reactions of Benzene Arenes are very stable compounds due to the delocalisation of π electrons in the ring This is because the electron density is spread out over the molecule instead of being conf...
Reactions of Halogenoalkanes Halogenoalkanes are much more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the electronegative halogens The halogen-carbon bond is polar causing the carbon to carry a p...
Esterification Esters are compounds with an -COOR functional group and are characterised by their sweet and fruity smells They are prepared from the condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid ...
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols The products of oxidation of alcohols depends on the class of alcohols Here is a reminder of the three classes of alcohols: The three classes of alcohols Primary alcoh...
Combustion of Alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water Alcohol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Complete combust...
Polymers Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastic industry Addition polymerisation is the react...
Hydration of Alkenes When alkenes are treated with steam at 300 oC, a pressure of 60 atmospheres and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4) catalyst, the water is added across the double ...
Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes Alkenes will react readily with hydrogen halides such as HCl and HBr to produce halogenoalkanes This reaction is known as hydrohalogenation It is also an electrophilic...
