IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.3 Complex Ions
Complex Ions Transition element ions can form complexes which consist of a central metal ion and ligands A ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal by donat...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.2 Variable Oxidation States
Variable Oxidation States When transition elements forms ions they lose electrons from the 4s subshell first This is because when the orbitals are occupied, the repulsion between electrons pushes t...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.1 Transition Elements
Transition Elements Transition metals are elements with an incomplete d-subshell or that can form at least one stable cation with an incomplete d-subshell This definition distinguishes them from d-...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记12.1.2 Ionisation Energy Trends
Trends Across a Period Ionisation energies show periodicity – a trend across a period of the Periodic Table As could be expected from their electron configuration, the group 1 metals have a relativ...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记12.1.1 Emission Spectra & First Ionisation Energy
Convergence Limits on an Emission Spectrum Emission Spectra Electrons move rapidly around the nucleus in energy shells Heat or electricity can be used to excite an electron to a higher main energy ...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记11.2.6 Analysing Graphs
Analysing Graphs The gradient of a graph can be found by: In the case of a straight line graph: using a triangle and the equation for a straight line In the case of a curve: drawing a tangent to th...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记11.2.5 Drawing Graphs
Drawing Graphs General guidance on drawing graphs Graphs need to have: Clear title Labelled axes Units on the axes Appropriate linear scales without any jumps This means the plotted graph must occu...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记11.2.4 Percentage Error
Percentage Error Percentage error is used to express the difference between a final calculated answer and an accepted or literature value It is calculated using the following formula You should be ...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记11.2.3 Reducing the Impact of Errors
Reducing Errors Random errors can be reduced by repeated trials and measurements Multiple measurements when averaged will reduce the impact of a random error on the average The more readings you ha...
