AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.4.3 Friedel–Crafts Acylation
Friedel–Crafts Acylation Arenes are very stable compounds due to the delocalisation of π electrons in the ring This is because the negative charge is spread out over the molecule instead of ...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.4.2 Nitration of Benzene
Nitration The electrophilic substitution reaction in arenes consists of three steps: Generation of an electrophile Electrophilic attack Regenerating aromaticity Mechanism of electroph...
美国热门大学ALevel换学分要求
在众多家长学生眼里，A-Level申英国，AP申美国，八竿子打不着。 好吧，说个留学过期冷知识：A-Level，IB，AP都可以英美同申。而且A-Level可以在部分美国大学换分~ 事实上，A-Level课程的作用非常大，在美国和AP课...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.6 Manufacture of Aspirin
Manufacture of Aspirin Manufacture of Aspirin Acylation reactions have many uses, such as in the pharmaceutical and textile industries for making drugs, e.g. aspirin, and textiles, e.g. cell...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.5 Acylation
Acyl Groups Acyl groups Acyl groups can be built into many molecules using acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides (known as acylating agents) Acyl chlorides are derivatives of carboxylic acids by...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.4 Ester Hydrolysis
Ester Hydrolysis Hydrolysis of Esters - Acid The reverse of the esterification reaction is called hydrolysis Ester hydrolysis is a useful reaction for creating biodegradable plastics Esters ...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.3 Biodiesel
Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel is made from renewable vegetable oils rather than non sustainable petrochemicals Natural triglyceride oils are converted to esters of methanol, which makes them...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.3.2 Esters
Esters Esters Esters are a carboxylic acid derivative which contains the ester group, -COO- An ester is named after the parent carboxylic acid from which it is derived Remove the -oic acid suffix f...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记7.2.3 Nucleophilic Addition
Nucleophilic Addition Many of the reactions which carbonyl compounds undergo are nucleophilic addition reactions The carbonyl group -C=O, in aldehydes and ketones is polarised The oxygen ato...
