IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.5 Free Energy & Equilibrium
Free Energy & Equilibrium When ΔG < 0 for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the reaction is spontaneous When a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy i...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.4 Spontaneous Reactions
Spontaneous Reactions Gibbs free energy provides an effective way of focusing on a reaction system at constant temperature and pressure to determine its spontaneity For a reaction to be spontaneous...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.3 Gibbs Free Energy
Gibbs Free Energy Change Gibbs free energy The feasibility of a reaction is determined by two factors, the enthalpy change and the [popover id="F7rfknVfbfcSJVkN" label='entropy change'] The two fa...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.2 Calculating Entropy Change
Calculating Standard Entropy Change The standard molar enthalpy values, Sꝋ, relate to standard conditions of temperature and pressure The entropy change, ΔSꝋ, can be calculated from thermodynamic d...
斯坦福大学：“硅谷的核心”
斯坦福大学——“硅谷的核心” 很难讲是斯坦福成就了硅谷，还是硅谷成就了斯坦福。毫无疑问，如果没有硅谷，斯坦福今天最多不过是一所二流偏上的大学，但是，没有斯坦福，硅谷恐怕难以支撑他们长达半个世纪的繁荣。 ...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.2.1 Entropy
Entropy Entropy You may have wondered why it is that endothermic reactions occur at all, after all, what can be the driving force behind endothermic reactions if the products end up in a less stabl...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.5 Energy Changes in Aqueous Solutions
Measuring Energy Changes in the Lab Enthalpies of Solution Calorimetry can be used to find the energy change in chemical reactions. This is much easier to carry out in aqueous solutions We can take...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.4 Dissolution Energy Cycles
Dissolution Energy Cycles How are enthalpy of solution and hydration enthalpies related? The relationship between lattice enthalpy, hydration enthalpies and enthalpy of solution From the diagram we...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.3 Born-Haber Cycle Calculations
Born-Haber Cycle Calculations Once a Born-Haber cycle has been constructed, it is possible to calculate the lattice energy (ΔHlatꝋ) by applying Hess’s law and rearranging: ΔHfꝋ = ΔHatꝋ + ΔHatꝋ + IE...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.2 Born-Haber Cycles
Constructing Born-Haber Cycles A Born-Haber cycle is a specific application of Hess's Law for ionic compounds and enables us to calculate lattice enthalpy, which cannot be found by experiment The b...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记15.1.1 Key Enthalpy Terms
Key Enthalpy Terms Ionisation energy The ionisation energy (ΔHIEꝋ) is the standard enthalpy change that occurs on the removal of 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms or positively charg...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记14.2.3 Hybrid Orbitals
Hybrid Orbitals Hybridisation The ground state of the electrons in a carbon atom is 1s22s22p2 This can be represented using a spin diagram as shown: Orbital spin diagram for carbon in the ground st...
