2022 (Portugal)IPO国际哲学奥林匹克竞赛主题
Topic 1
“Although the logos is common, most people live as though they had their own thought.”
Heraclitus (6th – 5th c. BC), fr. DK B2, in Early Greek Philosophers, ed. A. Laks and G. Most [slightly modified]. Cambridge, MA: HUP, 2016, p. 138.
Topic 2
“To know others is wisdom; to know oneself is acuity. To conquer others is power, to conquer oneself is strength.”
Laozi (6th c. BC), Daodejing. A Philosophical Translation, ch.33, ed. by Roger Ames and David L. Hall. New York: Ballantine Books, 2003
Topic 3
“Strictly speaking, however, perfection does not gain by beauty, nor does beauty gain by perfection.”
I. Kant (1790), Critique of the Power of Judgment, § 16 [AA5: 231], trans. P. Guyer and E. Matthews. Cambridge: CUP, 2000, p. 115.
Topic 4
“Many people today would agree that there is no such thing as collective guilt or, for that matter, collective innocence, and that if there were, no one person could ever be guilty or innocent. This, of course, is not to deny that there is such a thing as political responsibility which, however, exists quite apart from what the individual member of the group has done and therefore can neither be judged in moral terms nor be brought before a criminal court.”
Hannah Arendt (1963), Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Viking Press, rev. ed., 1965, p. 298
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