CIE A Level Biology复习笔记14.1.3 Kidney Structure
Structure of the Human Kidney Humans have two kidneys The kidneys are responsible for carrying out two very important functions: As an osmoregulatory organ - they regulate the water content of the ...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记14.1.2 Production of Urea
Production of Urea Many metabolic reactions within the body produce waste products The removal of these waste products is known as excretion Many excretory products are formed in humans, with two i...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记14.1.1 Homeostasis
Homeostasis In order to function properly and efficiently, organisms have different control systems that ensure their internal conditions are kept relatively constant The process of maintaining con...
英国大学预科和A-Level课程有什么区别？应该如何选择？
想留学英国的同学有很多，大家都知道进入英国大学主要有两种方式，A-Level课程和大学预科，但是大家都会有着各种疑惑和纠结，到底该选择哪一种方式呢？ 很多学生并不理解A-Level和英国大学预科课程的不同，将两者...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.2.2 Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis
Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis: Redox Indicators The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane and involve the release of high-energy electrons from...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.2.1 Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis
Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis Plants need several factors for photosynthesis to occur: the presence of photosynthetic pigments a supply of carbon dioxide a supply of water light energy a suita...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.8 The Calvin Cycle
Stages of the Calvin Cycle Energy from ATP and hydrogen from reduced NADP are passed from the light-dependent stage to the light-independent stage of photosynthesis The energy and hydrogen are used...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.7 Photophosphorylation
Types of Photophosphorylation The thylakoid membrane is the site of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis: Light energy is used to breakdown...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.6 Chromatography of Chloroplast Pigments
Chromatography of Chloroplast Pigments Chromatography is an experimental technique that is used to separate mixtures: The mixture is dissolved in a fluid/solvent (called the mobile phase) and the d...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.5 Absorption Spectra & Action Spectra
Absorption Spectra & Action Spectra An absorption spectrum is a graph that shows the absorbance of different wavelengths of light by a particular pigment Chlorophylls absorb wavelengths in the ...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.4 Chloroplast Pigments
Chloroplast Pigments Chloroplasts contain several different photosynthetic pigments within the thylakoids, which absorb different wavelengths of light In places, these thylakoids stack up to form s...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记13.1.3 Thylakoids & the Stroma
Thylakoids & the Stroma Plant cells contain chloroplasts which is the site of photosynthesis Chloroplasts are filled with a fluid known as the stroma The system of membranes found in the stroma...
