Aerobic Respiration: Role of NAD and FAD Coenzymes NAD and FAD play a critical role in aerobic respiration When hydrogen atoms become available at different points during respiration NAD and FAD ac...
The Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle (sometimes called the citric acid cycle) consists of a series of enzyme-controlled reactions 2 carbon (2C) Acetyl CoA enters the circular pathway from the lin...
Entering the Link Reaction The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate Pyruvate contains a substantial amount of chemical energy that can be further utilised in respiration to produce more ATP...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths 复习笔记 4.14.1 Problem Solving with Areas What is problem solving? Problem solving, as far as GCSE Mathematics is concerned, usually has two key features: A question is given a...
Aerobic Respiration: Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and involves: Trapping glucose in the cell by phosphorylating the mol...
The Four Stages in Aerobic Respiration Glucose is the main respiratory substrate used by cells Aerobic respiration is the process of breaking down a respiratory substrate in order to produce...
Apparatus & Techniques: Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis Investigations to determine the effects of light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of p...
Factors That Limit the Rate of Photosynthesis Plants need several factors for photosynthesis to occur: The presence of photosynthetic pigments A supply of carbon dioxide A supply of water Li...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths 复习笔记 4.13.1 Circles - Sector Areas & Arc Lengths What is a sector? What is an arc? A maths book will (correctly) tell you that an arc is part of the circumference of a c...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths 复习笔记 4.12.1 Circles - Area & Circumference Why are circles different to other 2D shapes? Circles just have their own language! The circumference of a circle is its perim...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths 复习笔记 4.11.2 Area - Adding & Subtracting What do we mean by an awkward shape (a compund shape)? Sometimes the shape we want to find the area of isn’t one of the standard ...
Stages of the Calvin Cycle Energy from ATP and hydrogen from reduced NADP are passed from the light-dependent stage to the light-independent stage of photosynthesis The energy and hydrogen a...
