Solution & Hydration Enthalpy of solution The standard enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsolꝋ) is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of an ionic substance dissolves in sufficient water to form...
Comparing Lattice Enthalpies How accurate are lattice enthalpies? It is possible to calculate a theoretical value for the lattice enthalpy of an ionic solid. To do this you need to know the ...
Calculations Using Born-Haber Cycles Once a Born-Haber cycle has been constructed, it is possible to calculate the lattice energy (ΔHlattꝋ) by applying Hess’s law and rearranging: ΔHfꝋ = ΔHa...
Constructing Born-Haber Cycles A Born-Haber cycle is a specific application of Hess's Law for ionic compounds and enable us to calculate lattice enthalpy which cannot be found by experiment ...
你知道吗？参与EPQ项目，不仅成绩好有机会降分录取，而且还可以作为素材写入PS。 关于PS的话， 只是大多数人缺乏科研经历， 所以要靠EPQ填充， 但是如果你自己背提已经很多了，也可以只一句话带过，还是可以用EPQ...
Testing for Organic Functional Groups REQUIRED PRACTICAL 6 For this practical, you need to be able to give the tests and positive results for the following functional groups: Alkenes Alcohol...
Distillation of an Organic Product REQUIRED PRACTICAL 5 Distillation of an organic product: Distillation is a common practical completed in organic chemistry For this course, the most common...
Identifying Anions & Cations REQUIRED PRACTICAL 4 Test Tube Reactions Simple test tube reactions can be done to identify the following ions: Group 2 ions (M2+) Ammonium ions (NH4+) Halid...
Rate of Reaction REQUIRED PRACTICAL 3 Factors which affect the rate of a chemical reaction During a reaction, the reactants are used up and changed into the products The rate of a chemical r...
Measurement of an Enthalpy Change REQUIRED PRACTICAL 2 Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry is a technique used to measure changes in enthalpy of chemical reactions A calorimeter can be ma...
Volumetric Analysis REQUIRED PRACTICAL 1 Performing the Titration The key piece of equipment used in the titration is the burette Burettes are usually marked to a precision of 0.10 cm3 Since...
Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition Electrophilic addition Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions In an electrophilic addition reaction, two reactants form only one product So, elect...
