Resonance Structures The delocalization of electrons can explain the structures of some species that don’t seem to fit with a Lewis structure Delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion ...
Lewis Structures Lewis structures are simplified electron shell diagrams and show pairs of electrons around atoms. A pair of electrons can be represented by dots, crosses, a combination of dots and...
Bond Polarity When two atoms in a covalent bond have the same electronegativity the covalent bond is nonpolar The two chlorine atoms have identical electronegativities so the bonding electrons are ...
Covalent Bonds Covalent bonding occurs between two non-metals A covalent bond involves the electrostatic attraction between nuclei of two atoms and the electrons of their outer shells No electrons ...
Formulae & Names of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds are formed from a metal and a nonmetal bonded together Ionic compounds are electrically neutral; the positive charges equal the negative char...
Ionic Lattices The ions form a lattice structure which is an evenly distributed crystalline structure Ions in a lattice are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so that positive charges cancel o...
Forming Ions As a general rule, metals are on the left of the Periodic Table and non-metals are on the right-hand side Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from a metallic element to a non...
Halogens The halogens These are the group 17 non-metals that are poisonous and include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine Halogens are diatomic, meaning they form molecules of two ato...
Alkali Metals The group 1 metals The group 1 metals are called the alkali metals because they form alkaline solutions with high pH values when reacted with water Group 1 metals are lithium, sodium,...
