IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记14.1.1 Covalent Bonds
Sigma Bonds Bond overlap in covalent bonds A single covalent bond is formed when two nonmetals combine Each atom that combines has an atomic orbital containing a single unpaired electron When a cov...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.6 Factors Affecting Colour
Factors Affecting Colour The size of the splitting energy ΔE in the d-orbitals is influenced by the following four factors: The size and type of ligands The nuclear charge and identity of the metal...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.5 Colour in Transition Metals
Crystal Field Theory Perception of colour Most transition metal compounds appear coloured. This is because they absorb energy corresponding to certain parts of the visible electromagnetic spectrum ...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.4 Catalytic & Magnetic Properties
Catalytic Properties Transition metals are often used as catalysts in the elemental form or as compounds The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that the...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.3 Complex Ions
Complex Ions Transition element ions can form complexes which consist of a central metal ion and ligands A ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal by donat...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.2 Variable Oxidation States
Variable Oxidation States When transition elements forms ions they lose electrons from the 4s subshell first This is because when the orbitals are occupied, the repulsion between electrons pushes t...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记13.1.1 Transition Elements
Transition Elements Transition metals are elements with an incomplete d-subshell or that can form at least one stable cation with an incomplete d-subshell This definition distinguishes them from d-...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记12.1.2 Ionisation Energy Trends
Trends Across a Period Ionisation energies show periodicity – a trend across a period of the Periodic Table As could be expected from their electron configuration, the group 1 metals have a relativ...
IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记12.1.1 Emission Spectra & First Ionisation Energy
Convergence Limits on an Emission Spectrum Emission Spectra Electrons move rapidly around the nucleus in energy shells Heat or electricity can be used to excite an electron to a higher main energy ...
