Coenzymes, Cofactors & Prosthetic Groups There are substances other than substrates and inhibitors that interact with enzymes Some enzymes can only function properly if another non-protein subs...
Enzyme Inhibitors Reversible inhibitors An enzyme's activity can be reduced or stopped, temporarily, by a reversible inhibitor There are two types of reversible inhibitors: Competitive inhibitors h...
Enzyme Activity: Substrate Concentration The greater the substrate concentration, the higher the rate of reaction: As the number of substrate molecules increases, the likelihood of enzyme-substrate...
Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The higher the enzyme concentration in a reaction mixture, the greater the number of active sites available a...
Enzyme Activity: Temperature Enzymes have a specific optimum temperature This is the temperature at which they catalyse a reaction at the maximum rate Lower temperatures either prevent react...
Enzyme Activity: pH All enzymes have an optimum pH or a pH at which they operate best Enzymes are denatured at extremes of pH Hydrogen and ionic bonds hold the tertiary structure of the protein (ie...
Mechanism of Enzyme Action Enzymes have an active site where specific substrates bind forming an enzyme-substrate complex The active site of an enzyme has a specific shape to fit a specific substra...
Enzymes as Catalysts Enzymes are biological catalysts ‘Biological’ because they function in living systems ‘Catalysts’ because they speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up or ...
Translation Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell After leaving the nucleus via a nuclear pore, the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome In the cytoplasm, there are free molecules of tRNA...
