Disposal of Polymers Though poly(alkenes)s are extremely important in everyday such as their use as plastics, the disposal of these polymers is problematic Poly(alkenes) are very large alkane molec...
Addition Polymerisation: Polythene & PVC Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastic industry ...
Production of Nitriles Nitriles are compounds with a -CN functional group They can be prepared from the nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes Propanenitrile, an example of a nitrile Reaction...
Production of Amines Amines are compounds with the amine (-NH2) functional group They can be produced as a result of nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes when they are heated unde...
Production of Esters Esters are compounds with an -COOR functional group and are characterised by their sweet and fruity smells They are prepared from the condensation reaction between a carboxylic...
Production of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are compounds with a -COOH functional group They can be prepared by a series of different reactions Oxidation of primary alcohols & aldehydes Car...
Iodoform Reaction Tri-iodomethane (also called iodoform) forms a yellow precipitate with methyl ketones Methyl ketones are compounds that have a CH3CO-group Ethanal also contains a CH3CO- group and...
Testing for Carbonyls: 2,4-DNPH 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (also known as 2,4-DNPH) is a reagent which detects the presence of carbonyl compounds (compounds with -C=O group) The carbonyl group of a...
Reaction of Hydrogen Cyanide with Aldehydes & Ketones The carbonyl group -C=O, in aldehydes and ketones is polarised The oxygen atom is more electronegative than carbon drawing electron density...
