FJ has NN (1≤N≤1051≤N≤105) cows (distinctly identified 1…N1…N) lined up in a row. FJ likes his cows to be sorted in increasing order, but unfortunately they are currently out of order. While in the...
Cows have assembled from around the world for a massive gathering. There are NN cows, and N−1N−1 pairs of cows who are friends with each other. Every cow knows every other cow through some chain of...
It turns out there is one factor that matters far more than any other when determining whether two cows are compatible as potential friends: whether they like similar flavors of ice cream! Farmer J...
For his favorite holiday, Farmer John wants to send presents to his friends. Since he isn't very good at wrapping presents, he wants to enlist the help of his cows. As you might expect, cows are no...
扫码免费领取学术活动真题及最新消息，获取报名表，咨询最新报名通道 The cows are heading back to the barn at the end of a long day, feeling both tired and hungry. The farm consists of pastures ( ), co...
With plenty of free time on their hands (or rather, hooves), the cows on Farmer John's farm often pass the time by playing video games. One of their favorites is based on a popular human video game...
Despite long delays in airport pickups, Farmer John's convention for cows interested in eating grass has been going well so far. It has attracted cows from all over the world. The main event of the...
Farmer John is hosting a new bovine grass-eating convention at his farm! Cows from all over the world are arriving at the local airport to attend the convention and eat grass. Specifically, there a...
Farmer John has two milking barns, each of which has a large milk tank as well as a storage closet containing buckets of various sizes. He likes to carry milk back and forth between the two barns a...
