Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.3.2 Bonding in Alkenes
Bonding in Alkenes Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four covalent bonds with other atom...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.3.1 Describing Alkenes
Describing Alkenes All alkenes contain a double carbon bond, which is shown as two lines between two of the carbon atoms i.e. C=C All alkenes contain a double carbon bond, which is the funct...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.5 Free Radicals
Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes Alkanes can undergo free-radical substitution in which a hydrogen atom gets substituted by a halogen (chlorine / bromine) Since alkanes are very unreacti...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.4 Reducing Pollution
Catalytic Converters To reduce the amount of pollutants released in car exhaust fumes, many cars are now fitted with catalytic converters Precious metals (such as platinum) are coated on a h...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.3 Pollution from Combustion
Causes & Effects of Pollution Alkanes are combusted (burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels Complete combustion When alkanes are burnt in excess (plenty of) oxygen, complete comb...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.2 Alkane Fuels
Alkane Fuels Alkanes are obtained from the fractional distillation and cracking of crude oil Fractional distillation of crude oil Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons containing alkanes, c...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.1 Describing Alkanes
Describing Alkanes Hydrocarbons are compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only There are four families of hydrocarbons you should know: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes Alkanes, alken...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.1.5 Stereoisomerism
E/Z Isomerism Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space Geometrical (E/Z) isomerism Geometrical isomer...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.1.4 Structural Isomerism
Structural Isomerism Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae E.g. propene and cyclopropane Both propene and cyclopropane are m...
