IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.4.5 The Placenta
The Placenta & the Exchange of Materials Mammals can be split into different categories on the basis of their mechanism for foetal nourishment Placental mammals, such as humans Monotremes, or e...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.4.4 Hormones in Pregnancy
Role of hCG in Early Pregnancy Shortly after the developing embryo implants into the endometrium it begins secretion of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hCG is secreted during the fir...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.4.3 Pregnancy
Implantation of the Blastocyst Following human fertilisation, the newly fertilised ovum divides by mitosis to form two diploid nuclei (i.e. each nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes) and the cy...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.4.2 Fertilisation
Preventing Polyspermy Fertilisation is the fusion of one sperm cell and one ovum; this fusion of two haploid nuclei gives rise to a diploid zygote During sexual reproduction, many sperm are release...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.4.1 Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis
Similarities Between Oogenesis & Spermatogenesis Sexual reproduction involves fertilisation; the fusion of sex cells, or gametes, from two parents Gametes are specialised, haploid cells The fus...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.7 Skills: Drawing & Annotating the Kidney
Drawing the Human Kidney The following elements should be included in a drawing of the human kidney The kidney should be roughly oval in shape with an inward curve on the side where it is connected...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.6 Kidney Failure & Urinalysis
Treatment of Kidney Failure Kidney failure can occur in one or both kidneys for a variety of reasons, such as Physical damage from an injury High blood pressure Diabetes Overuse of certain drugs (e...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.5 Types of Nitrogenous Waste
Types of Nitrogenous Waste Nitrogenous waste comes from the breakdown of excess dietary amino acids and nucleic acids The waste is first converted into ammonia; some organisms excrete it in this fo...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.4 The Role of ADH
ADH Living organisms can maintain a safe balance of water and solutes in their bodies by osmoregulation Osmoregulation is an example of homeostasis The kidneys play an important role in osmoregulat...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.3 Conserving Water
Conserving Water & the Loop of Henlé Animals that live in dry environments such as deserts depend on their ability to conserve water for survival Such animals often have very long loops of Henl...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.2 Kidney: Structure & Function
Ultrastructure of the Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule Introduction to kidney structure Humans have two kidneys, which remove waste products from the blood and maintain the blood's balance of water ...
IB DP Biology: HL复习笔记11.3.1 Osmoregulation in Organisms
Organisms & Osmolarity in the Environment Living organisms need to maintain a safe balance of water and solutes in their cells Failure to maintain this balance will mean that an organism's cell...
