Forces & Inverse-Square Law Behaviour The gravitational force between two bodies outside a uniform field (for example, between the Earth and the Sun) is defined by Newton’s Law of Gravitation w...
Orbital Motion, Speed & Energy Since most planets and satellites have a near circular orbit, the gravitational force FG between the sun or another planet provides the centripetal force needed t...
Escape Speed To escape a gravitational field, a mass must travel at the escape velocity This is dependent on the mass and radius of the object creating the gravitational field, such as a planet, a ...
Potential in a Charged Sphere The electric potential in the field due to a point charge is defined as:Where: V = the electric potential (V) Q = the point charge producing the potential (C) ε0 = per...
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Potential Gradient Electric Potential Gradient An electric field can be defined in terms of the variation of electric potential at different points in the field: The electric field at a particular ...
Potential Energy Calculations Electric Potential Energy of Two Point Charges The electric potential energy Ep at point in an electric field is defined as: The work done in bringing a charge from in...
Potential & Potential Energy Work Done on a Mass When a mass is moved against the force of gravity, work is done The work done in moving a mass m is given by: Where: ∆W = change in work done (J...
