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Testing for Carbonyls: 2,4-DNPH 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (also known as 2,4-DNPH) is a reagent which detects the presence of carbonyl compounds (compounds with -C=O group) The carbonyl group of a...
Reaction of Hydrogen Cyanide with Aldehydes & Ketones The carbonyl group -C=O, in aldehydes and ketones is polarised The oxygen atom is more electronegative than carbon drawing electron density...
Reactions of Aldehydes & Ketones Reduction of aldehyde & ketones Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by reducing agents such as NaBH4 or LiAlH4 Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols Ke...
Production of Aldehydes & Ketones Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds containing a C=O group They can be prepared from the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols respectively Oxid...
Acidity of Alcohols Alcohols have a low degree of dissociation This means, that when dissolved in water, alcohol molecules do not dissociate (split up) to a great extent ROH (aq) ⇄ RO- (aq) + H+ (a...
Classifying Alcohols Primary alcohols are alcohols in which the carbon atom bonded to the -OH group is attached to one other carbon atom (or alkyl group) Secondary alcohols are alcohols in which th...
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are reactive molecules which undergo a wide range of reactions Combustion of alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo complete combusti...
Production of Alcohols Alcohols are compounds that contain at least one hydroxy (-OH) group The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH Alcohols can be prepared by a wide range of chemical reactio...
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes The halogenoalkanes have different rates of substitution reactions Since substitution reactions involve breaking the carbon-halogen bond the bond energies can be used ...
