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Multi-step Synthetic Routes Many organic molecules are made in multi-step synthetic routes Students should be able to recall the different reactions each functional group undergoes and apply this k...
Elucidating Organic Molecules You are expected to be able to identify organic functional groups, their properties, how to test for their presence and how they are made Functional groups The table b...
Disposal of Polymers Though poly(alkenes)s are extremely important in everyday such as their use as plastics, the disposal of these polymers is problematic Poly(alkenes) are very large alkane molec...
Addition Polymerisation: Polythene & PVC Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastic industry ...
Production of Nitriles Nitriles are compounds with a -CN functional group They can be prepared from the nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes Propanenitrile, an example of a nitrile Reaction...
Production of Amines Amines are compounds with the amine (-NH2) functional group They can be produced as a result of nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenoalkanes when they are heated unde...
Production of Esters Esters are compounds with an -COOR functional group and are characterised by their sweet and fruity smells They are prepared from the condensation reaction between a carboxylic...
Production of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are compounds with a -COOH functional group They can be prepared by a series of different reactions Oxidation of primary alcohols & aldehydes Car...
Iodoform Reaction Tri-iodomethane (also called iodoform) forms a yellow precipitate with methyl ketones Methyl ketones are compounds that have a CH3CO-group Ethanal also contains a CH3CO- group and...
