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Nitration & Bromination of Phenol Compared to benzene, phenol reacts more readily with electrophiles This is because one of the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in phenol overlaps wit...
Acidity of Phenols Although phenol compounds contain an alcohol (-OH) group, they are weakly acidic This is due to the delocalisation of one of the lone pairs from the oxygen atom into the aromatic...
Reactions of Phenol Phenols can undergo many types of reactions as both the electron-rich benzene ring and the polar -OH group can participate in chemical reactions Some of the reactions of phenols...
Production of Phenol Phenols are organic compounds characterised by the presence of an -OH group which is attached to a benzene ring Phenols can be produced by the reaction of phenylamine with nitr...
Reaction of Alcohols With Acyl Chlorides Acyl chlorides are reactive organic compounds with a -COCl functional group The carbonyl carbon is electron-deficient and has a partial positive charge It i...
Difference in Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes & Halogenoarenes Halogenoarenes are very unreactive compared to halogenoalkanes The difference in reactivity between the two compounds is because of ...
Production of Halogenoarenes Halogenoarenes are arenes which are bonded to halogen atoms They can be prepared from substitution reactions of arenes with chlorine or bromine in the presence of an an...
Arenes: Directing Effects of Substituents Arenes readily undergo electrophilic substitution of one of their hydrogen atoms with another species Substituents that are already present on the arenes c...
Arenes: Location of Halogenation Arenes will undergo substitution reactions with halogens to form aryl halides This reaction is also called a halogenation reaction Depending on the reaction conditi...
