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Wave-Particle Duality Light waves can behave like particles, i.e. photons, and waves This phenomenon is called the wave-particle nature of light or wave-particle duality Light interacts with matter...
Photoelectric Emission The work function Φ, or threshold energy, of a material is defined as: The minimum energy required to release a photoelectron from the surface of a material Consider the elec...
Threshold Frequency & Wavelength The concept of a threshold frequency is required in order to explain why a low frequency source, such as a filament lamp, was unable to liberate any electrons i...
The Photoelectric Effect: Basics The photoelectric effect is the phenomena in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal upon the absorption of electromagnetic radiation Electrons remo...
The Electronvolt The electronvolt is a unit which is commonly used to express very small energies This is because quantum energies tend to be much smaller than 1 Joule The electronvolt is derived f...
The Particle Nature of Light In classical wave theory, electromagnetic (EM) radiation is assumed to behave as a wave This is demonstrated by the fact EM radiation exhibits phenomena such as diffrac...
Smoothing In rectification, to produce a steady direct current or voltage from an alternating current or voltage, a smoothing capacitor is necessary Smoothing is defined as: The reduction in the ...
Rectification Graphs Rectification is defined as: The process of converting alternating current and voltage into direct current and voltage Rectification is used in electronic equipment which req...
Mean Power In mains electricity, current and voltage are varying all the time This also means the power varies constantly, recall the equations for power: Where: I = direct current (A) V = direct...
