IB DP Chemistry: HL复习笔记6.1.4 Activation Energy

• For a reaction to take place, the reactant particles need to overcome a minimum amount of energy
• This energy is called the activation energy (E_a)
• In exothermic reactions the reactants are higher in energy than the products
• In endothermic reactions the reactants are lower in energy than the products
• Therefore, the E_a in endothermic reactions is relatively larger than in exothermic reaction

The diagram shows that the reactants are higher in energy than the products in the exothermic reaction, so the energy needed for the reactants to go over the energy barrier is relatively small

The diagram shows that the reactants are lower in energy than the products in the endothermic reaction, so the energy needed for the reactants to go over the energy barrier is relatively large

• Even though particles collide with each other in the same orientation, if they don’t possess a minimum energy that corresponds to the E_a of that reaction, the reaction will not take place
• Therefore, for a collision to be successful the reactant particles must collide in the correct orientation AND possess a minimum energy equal to the E_a of that reaction

By decreasing Ea, a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without itself being permanently chemically changed.

• More particles are able to collide with sufficient energy to react under the lower activation energy
• More frequent, successful collisions lead to a faster rate of reaction