Edexcel IGCSE Geography 复习笔记 1.1.1 The Hydrological Cycle
Edexcel IGCSE Geography 复习笔记 1.1.1 The Hydrological Cycle
Characteristics of the Water Cycle
- The hydrological cycle is a closed system
- Water is constantly recycled through the system
- Within the hydrological cycle, there are stores and transfers
Exam Tip
Remember there are no inputs and outputs in the hydrological system, only transfers and stores, because it is a closed system.
Stores of the Water Cycle
- Stores are those places where water is held for a period of time. These include:
-
- Water in the atmosphere in the form of water vapour or water droplets in clouds
- Surface stores such as puddles, lakes, rivers and reservoirs
- Interception is how precipitation is prevented from reaching the ground, usually by being caught on leaves or branches
- Aquifers are permeable rocks such as limestone and sandstone which can hold water
- Ice and snow
- Seas and oceans
Transfers of Water Within the Cycle
- Transfers are the ways in which water is moved around the hydrological cycle. They include:
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Transpiration
- Evapotranspiration
- Precipitation
- Overland flow
- Infiltration
- Percolation
- Through flow
- Groundwater flow
Worked Example
Identify the statement that best defines through flow. (1)
| A | Water moving through the soil |
| B | Water taken up by plants from the soil and released into the atmosphere as water vapour |
| C | Movement of water over the ground |
| D | Movement of water through rocks |
Answer
A (1) Through flow is the water moving through the soil below the surface and above the water table.
Exam Tip
Try sketching the hydrological cycle from memory. Remember to add a key to show stores and transfers.
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