AQA A Level Psychology复习笔记3.1.3 Stages of Attachement Identified by Schaffer

•  If you look back at Caregiver-infant interactions, the study by Schaffer and Emerson was discussed.
• There were several important findings from this.
• This led to the development of Stages of Attachment.

Stages of attachment- Schaffer and Emerson

• The first stage is Asocial (0-6 weeks)
• Next comes Indiscriminate Attachment (6 weeks-6 months)
• The third stage is Specific Attachment (7 months +)
• Finally, we have the Multiple Attachment stages from 10/11 months
• It is final as it can only begin once specific attachments have formed:
• • Asocial (0-6 weeks)
    • • Infants respond to people and objects the same
      • But they do show a preference for faces and eyes (Fantz 1961)

• • Indiscriminate Attachment (6 weeks-6 months)
    • • Preference begins to now be shown for familiar faces
      • Primary and secondary caregivers are preferred

• • Specific Attachment (7 months +)
    • • The attachment between the Primary Care Giver (PCG) has now formed
      • All the signs of attachment are observed: Stranger and stranger anxiety, proximity seeking behaviour and clinginess

• • Multiple Attachment (10/11 months)
    • • Within a month after attachment begins in stage 3, then multiple attachments begin
      • This, from Schaffer and Emerson’s research, is usually with the father
      • It can also be with grandparents, siblings and anyone else who has regular contact with the infant