AQA A Level Physics复习笔记7.1.4 Newton's Law of Gravitation

• The gravitational force between two bodies outside a uniform field, e.g. between the Earth and the Sun, is defined by Newton’s Law of Gravitation
  • Recall that the mass of a uniform sphere can be considered to be a point mass at its centre

   

• Newton’s Law of Gravitation states that:

The gravitational force between two point masses is proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square their separation

• In equation form, this can be written as:

The gravitational force between two masses outside a uniform field is defined by Newton’s Law of Gravitation

• Where:
  • FG = gravitational force between two masses (N)
  • G = Newton’s gravitational constant
  • m1 and m2 = two points masses (kg)
  • r = distance between the centre of the two masses (m)

   

• Although planets are not point masses, their separation is much larger than their radius
  • Therefore, Newton’s law of gravitation applies to planets orbiting the Sun

   

• The 1/r2 relation is called the ‘inverse square law’
• This means that when a mass is twice as far away from another, its force due to gravity reduces by (½)2 = ¼