Location of the Light-independent Reactions The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts The stroma is within the double membrane and is a thick pr...
The Electron Transport Chain in Photosynthesis Photophosphorylation is the term for the overall process of using light energy and the electron transport chain to generate ATP from ADP During photop...
Location of the Light-dependent Reactions Photosynthesis takes place in two distinct stages: The light-dependent reaction, which relies on light directly The light-independent reaction, which does ...
Identifying Decarboxylation & Oxidation in Diagrams The stages of respiration can be shown and summarised by different reactions which are shown in diagrams involving chemical molecules The dia...
Structure & Function of the Mitochondrion Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles 0.5 - 1.0 µm in diameter They are the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells The function of mitochondr...
NAD & FAD Summary of oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the last stage of aerobic respiration It takes place at the inner mitochondrial membrane This is the most efficient p...
Link Reaction Entering the link reaction The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate (3C) Pyruvate contains a substantial amount of chemical energy that can be further utilised in respiration to prod...
Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and involves: Trapping glucose in the cell by phosphorylating the molecule Splitting the glucose ...
Stages of Respiration An overview of respiration Respiration involves the transfer of chemical potential energy from nutrient molecules (such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins) into a usable ener...
Oxidation & Reduction Oxidation and reduction are commonly known as redox reactions These reactions occur at the same time and involve the transfer of electrons between molecules Oxidation is t...
Calculating & Plotting Rates of Reaction Enzyme catalysed reactions can be affected by changes in pH, temperature or substrate concentration The rate of reaction can be determined by measuring ...
Bioinformatics: Investigating Metabolism NOS: Developments in scientific research follow improvements in computing: developments in bioinformatics, such as the interrogation of databases, have faci...
