Representing Formulae Organic compounds can be represented in a number of ways: Empirical Formulae Molecular Formulae Structural Formulae Condensed Structural Formulae The empirical formula shows t...
Homologous Series Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself This enables it to form long c...
Electrolytic Cells An ionic compound conducts electricity when it is molten or in solution The current causes the ionic compound to split up and form new substances. This process is called electrol...
Voltaic Cells Voltaic (or Galvanic) cells generate electricity from spontaneous redox reactions For example: Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq)→ Cu (s) + ZnSO4 (aq) Instead of electrons being transferred direct...
The Winkler Method The Winkler Method is a technique used to measure dissolved oxygen in freshwater systems Dissolved oxygen is used as an indicator of the health of a water body, where higher diss...
Redox Titrations In a titration, the concentration of a solution is determined by titrating with a solution of known concentration. In redox titrations, an oxidizing agent is titrated against a red...
The Activity Series Metals can be ranked in order of reactivity -this is called the reactivity series or just activity series Metals higher in reactivity can displace less reactive metals from thei...
Half Equations Oxidation numbers can be used to balance chemical equations Go through these steps to balance a redox equation: Write the unbalanced equation and identify the atoms which change in o...
Naming Transition Metal Compounds Transition metals are characterized by having variable oxidation numbers. Oxidation numbers can be used in the names of compounds to indicate which oxidation numbe...
Oxidizing & Reducing Agents Oxidising agent An oxidising agent is a substance that oxidises another atom or ion by causing it to lose electrons An oxidising agent itself gets reduced – gains el...
或许每个留学生身边都有这样一位同学：不是在学CS的路上就是在转CS的路上... 火到商科都得让步的计算机专业，在留学圈有多“红”呢？——不止中国留学生热衷，全世界的优秀高中生们都“挤破了头”想进CS名校。 但是正因...
Deducing Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers of all other atoms in their compounds can vary By following the oxidation number rules, the oxidation number of any atom in a compound or ion can be...
