Root-Mean-Square Current & Voltage Direct current sources provide a constant voltage and current over time, making it easy to measure In situations involving alternating voltage and current, th...
AC Generators If a coil of wire is rotated inside a magnetic field by an external force, an emf will be generated in the wire which causes current to flow within the coil The generator effect can b...
Lenz's Law Lenz’s Law is used to predict the direction of an induced e.m.f in a coil or wire Lenz's Law is summarised below: The induced e.m.f is set up in a direction to produce effects that oppos...
Induced Emf Electromagnetic induction is a phenomenon which occurs when an e.m.f. is induced when a conductor moves through a magnetic field When the conductor cuts through the magnetic field lines...
Emf, Magnetic Flux & Magnetic Flux Linkage Electromagnetic Induction When a conducting wire moves through a magnetic field, a potential difference is created along the wire If the wire is part ...
Forces on Charges & Masses The electric field strength equation can be rearranged for the force F on a charge Q in an electric field E: Where: F = electrostatic force on the charge (N) Q = char...
Forces & Inverse-Square Law Behaviour The gravitational force between two bodies outside a uniform field (for example, between the Earth and the Sun) is defined by Newton’s Law of Gravitation w...
Orbital Motion, Speed & Energy Since most planets and satellites have a near circular orbit, the gravitational force FG between the sun or another planet provides the centripetal force needed t...
Escape Speed To escape a gravitational field, a mass must travel at the escape velocity This is dependent on the mass and radius of the object creating the gravitational field, such as a planet, a ...
Potential in a Charged Sphere The electric potential in the field due to a point charge is defined as:Where: V = the electric potential (V) Q = the point charge producing the potential (C) ε0 = per...
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