Rate: Enzyme Concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The higher the enzyme concentration in a reaction mixture, the greater the number of active sites available and the grea...
Rate: pH All enzymes have an optimum pH or a pH at which they operate best Enzymes are denatured at extremes of pH Hydrogen and ionic bonds hold the tertiary structure of the protein (ie. the enzym...
Rate: Temperature Enzymes have a specific optimum temperature – the temperature at which they catalyse a reaction at the maximum rate Lower temperatures either prevent reactions from proceeding or ...
Colorimetry to Measure Enzyme Activity A colorimeter is able to measure light absorbance (how much light is absorbed) or light transmission (how much light passes through) a substance Colorimetry c...
Measuring Enzyme Activity The progress of enzyme-catalysed reactions can be investigated by: Measuring the rate of formation of a product using catalase Measuring the rate of disappearance of a sub...
How Enzymes Work The lock-and-key hypothesis Enzymes are globular proteins This means their shape (as well as the shape of the active site of an enzyme) is determined by the complex tertiary struct...
Mode of Enzyme Action Enzymes have an active site where specific substrates bind forming an enzyme-substrate complex The active site of an enzyme has a specific shape to fit a specific substrate Ex...
Enzymes as Proteins Enzymes are biological catalysts ‘Biological’ because they function in living systems ‘Catalysts’ because they speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being used up or c...
怡和奖学金是什么？怡和奖学金是专门资助亚洲杰出青年，前往剑桥大学和牛津大学学习。奖学金包括3-4年的学费、杂费、生活费以及每年一次往返国际旅费，可以说是四舍五入等于留学不要钱！ 01 怡和奖学金介绍 怡和...
Water Molecules: In Living Organisms Water has many essential roles in living organisms due to its properties: The polarity of water molecules The presence and number of hydrogen bonds between wate...
Water Molecules: Hydrogen Bonds Water is of great biological importance. It is the medium in which all metabolic reactions take place in cells. Between 70% to 95% of the mass of a cell is water As ...
The Molecular Structure of Collagen Collagen is the most common structural protein found in vertebrates In vertebrates it is the component of connective tissue which forms: Tendons Cartilage Ligame...
