Equilibrium Constant: Calculations Calculations involving Kc In the equilibrium expression each figure within a square bracket represents the concentration in mol dm-3 The units of Kc therefore dep...
Equilibrium Constant: Concentrations Equilibrium expression & constant The equilibrium expression is an expression that links the equilibrium constant, Kc, to the concentrations of reactants an...
Le Chatelier's Principle Position of the equilibrium The position of the equilibrium refers to the relative amounts of products and reactants in an equilibrium mixture. When the position of equilib...
2022 年马歇尔经济论文学术活动题目分析，同学们也可以感受一下这项比赛的难度，评估一下你是不是对参赛有兴趣。2022年马歇尔经济论文写作学术活动主题已经公布了，根据主题的简要说明，拟好自己的题目，或使用...
Reversible Reactions & Dynamic Equilibrium Reversible reaction Some reactions go to completion where the reactants are used up to form the products and the reaction stops when all of the reacta...
Oxidising & Reducing Agents Oxidising agent An oxidising agent is a substance that oxidises another atom or ion by causing it to lose electrons An oxidising agent itself gets reduced – gains el...
Balancing Redox Reactions Oxidation numbers can be used to balance chemical equations Roman numerals between brackets are used to show the ox. no. of an atom that can have multiple oxidation states...
Oxidation Numbers The oxidation numbers (also known as oxidation state) is a number given to each atom or ion in a compound to keep track of how many electrons they have In a single ion or molecula...
美国高等教育系统主要包括三类学校：综合性大学(University)、文理学院(Liberal Arts College)、社区学院(Community College)。近些年，随着不断地科普，越来越多的留学家庭，开始将“小而精”的文理学院纳入选校清...
Hess Cycles Hess’s Law states that:"The total enthalpy change in a chemical reaction is independent of the route by which the chemical reaction takes place as long as the initial and final conditio...
Enthalpy & Bond Energies During a reaction, enthalpy changes take place because bonds are being broken and formed Energy (in the form of heat) is needed to overcome attractive forces between at...
Enthalpy Changes at Standard Conditions To fairly compare the changes in enthalpy between reactions, all reactions should be carried out under standard conditions These standard conditions are: A p...
