Functional Groups of Organic Compounds Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules The table below shows a summary of common functional groups found in compounds R...
Homologous Series Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself This enables it to form long c...
Oxides of Nitrogen Natural occurrence of nitrogen oxides Due to its lack of reactivity, only under extreme conditions will nitrogen react with oxygen to form gaseous nitrogen oxides An example of t...
Reactivity of Nitrogen Nitrogen is a diatomic molecule and the main unreactive gas in air 78% of air is nitrogen gas The lack of reactivity of nitrogen gas can be explained by looking at its intram...
Reaction of Chlorine A disproportionation reaction is a reaction in which the same species is both oxidised and reduced The reaction of chlorine with dilute alkali is an example of a disproportiona...
Halide Ions: Reducing Agents Halide ions can also act as reducing agents and donate electrons to another atom The halide ions themselves get oxidised and lose electrons The reducing power of the ha...
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Group 17: Oxidising Agents Halogens react with metals by accepting an electron from the metal atom to become an ion with 1- charge Eg. Ca(s) + Cl2(g) → Ca2+(Cl-)2(s) Halogens are therefore oxidis...
Group 17: Physical Trends The group 17 elements are called halogens The halogens have uses in water purification and as bleaches agents (chlorine), as flame-retardants and fire extinguishers (bromi...
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Trends in Solubility in Group 2 Hydroxides & Sulfates Group 2 hydroxides Going down the group, the solutions formed from the reaction of Group 2 oxides with water become more alkaline When the ...
Group 2: Physical & Chemical Trends Chemical trends All elements in Group 2 (also called alkali earth metals) have the two electrons in their outermost principal quantum shell All Group 2 metal...
