Interpreting & Explaining Carbon-13 NMR Spectra Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used for analysing organic compounds Atoms with odd mass numbers usually show signals on NMR For...
Interpreting Rf Values in GL Chromatography Features of a gas-liquid chromatogram Peaks represent different molecules from the sample - each roughly taking the shape of a triangle The area under ea...
Gas/Liquid Chromatography: Basics Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) is used for analysing: Gases Volatile liquids Solids in their vapour form The stationary phase: This method uses a column for the s...
Thin Layer Chromatography: Basics Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a technique used to analyse small samples via separation For example, we could separate a dye out to determine the mixture of dy...
Multi-Step Synthetic Routes Many organic molecules are made in multi-step synthetic routes Students should be able to recall the different reactions each functional group undergoes and apply this k...
Elucidating Organic Molecules Students should be able to identify organic functional groups and recall their properties and the reactions that they undergo Properties of functional groups In additi...
Poly(alkenes) & Biodegradability Many of the polymers in use have been produced through addition polymerisation of alkenes The (poly)alkene chains are non-polar and saturated This makes them ch...
Predicting Type of Polymerisation When a set of monomers are given in an exam question, the type of polymerisation can be determined Firstly, it’s important to identify the key functional groups in...
Deducing the Repeat Unit of a Condensation Polymer In condensation polymerisation the monomers either contain 2 of the same functional group or one single monomer has both functional groups needed ...
Formation of Polyamides Amide link Polyamides are also formed using condensation polymerisation An amide link - also known as a peptide link - is the key functional group in a polyamide Monomers A ...
Formation of Polyesters Addition polymerisation has been covered in reactions of alkenes They are made using monomers that have C-C double bonds joined together to form polymers such as (poly)ethen...
Electrophoresis Electrophoresis is an analytical technique which separates ions by placing them in an electrical field This method is often used in biochemical analysis to identify and purify prote...
