Combustion of Alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water Alcohol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Complete combust...
Polymers Addition polymerisation Addition polymerisation is one of the most important addition reactions of alkenes which form the basis of the plastic industry Addition polymerisation is the react...
Hydration of Alkenes When alkenes are treated with steam at 300 oC, a pressure of 60 atmospheres and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4) catalyst, the water is added across the double ...
Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes Alkenes will react readily with hydrogen halides such as HCl and HBr to produce halogenoalkanes This reaction is known as hydrohalogenation It is also an electrophilic...
Halogenation of Alkenes The reaction between alkenes and halogens is known as halogenation It is an example of an electrophilic addition where an electrophile ('electron seeker') joins onto to a do...
Hydrogenation of Alkenes Alkenes are very useful compounds as they can undergo many types of reactions They can therefore be used as starting molecules when making new compounds The reaction betwee...
Reactivity of Alkenes Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon double bond The atoms around the carbon-carbon double bond adopt a planar arrangement and the bond angle is 120o The bondin...
Halogenation of Alkanes Free-radical substitution of alkanes Alkanes can undergo free-radical substitution in which a hydrogen atom gets substituted by a halogen (chlorine/bromine) Since alkanes a...
Unreactive Alkanes Strength of C-H bonds Alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms which are bonded together by single bonds Unless a lot of heat is supplied, it is difficult to break these stro...
