Potential Difference Potential difference is a measure of the electrical potential energy transferred from an electron as it moves between two points in a conductor Potential difference is work don...
Drift Speed In conductors, only negatively charged (delocalised) electrons are allowed to move between atoms In general, an electric current can arise from the flow of either positive or negative p...
Charge Charge is measured in coulombs (C). One coulomb is defined as: The charge carried by an electric current of one ampere in one second Charge is a scalar quantity Electrons have a negative cha...
Harmonics Stationary waves can have different wave patterns, known as harmonics These depend on the frequency of the vibration and the boundary conditions (i.e. fixed and/or free ends) The harmonic...
Boundary Conditions Stationary waves can form on strings or in pipes In both cases, progressive waves travel in a medium (i.e. the string or air) and superimpose with their reflections The number o...
Nodes & Antinodes A standing wave is made up nodes and antinodes Nodes are locations of zero amplitude and they are separated by half a wavelength (λ/2) Antinodes are locations of maximum ampli...
The Nature of Standing Waves Standing waves are produced by the amplitude travelling in opposite directions This is usually achieved when a travelling wave superimposes its reflection The superposi...
Double-Slit Equation Interference Patterns Interference patterns depend on: The coherent light incident on the slits The distance between the slits and the screen where the interference pattern is ...
Double-Slit Interference Interference occurs whenever two or more waves combine to produce a resultant wave with a new resultant displacement The waves combine according to the principle of superpo...
