Nucleotides DNA and RNA are nucleic acids: polymers that are made up of many repeating units (monomers) called nucleotides Each nucleotide is formed from: A pentose sugar (a sugar with 5 carbon ato...
Chromatography Chromatography is a technique that can be used to separate a mixture into its individual components Chromatography relies on differences in the solubility of the different chemicals ...
Finding the Concentration of a Substance Benedict’s solution can be used to carry out a semi-quantitative test on a reducing sugar solution to determine the concentration of reducing sugar present ...
Biochemical Tests: Proteins The Biuret test can be carried out quickly and easily in a lab to determine if a sample contains proteins Biuret ‘reagent’ contains an alkali and copper (II) sulfate whi...
Inorganic Ions An ion is an atom (or sometimes a group of atoms) that has an electrical charge An ion that has a +ve charge is known as a cation An ion that has a -ve charge is known as an anion &n...
Fibrous Proteins Fibrous proteins are long strands of polypeptide chains that have cross-linkages due to hydrogen bonds These proteins have little or no tertiary structure Due to a large number of ...
Globular Proteins Globular Globular proteins are compact, roughly spherical (circular) in shape and soluble in water Globular proteins form a spherical shape when folding into their tertiary struct...
Levels of Protein Structure There are four levels of structure in proteins, three are related to a single polypeptide chain and the fourth level relates to a protein that has two or more polypeptid...
Amino Acids Proteins Proteins are polypeptides (and macromolecules) made up of monomers called amino acids The sequence, type and number of the amino acids within a protein determines its shape and...
