The Mole & Avogadro The Avogadro constant (NA or L) is the number of particles equivalent to the relative atomic mass or molecular mass of a substance The Avogadro constant applies to at...
Relating Observations to Chemical Equations Chemical equations give information about the reaction that is taking place Balanced equations show the number of particles participating in the r...
Writing Balanced Equations A symbol equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction using chemical symbols to show the number and type of each atom in the reactants and product...
Empirical & Molecular Formula Definitions The molecular formula is the formula that shows the number and type of each atom in a molecule E.g. the molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2...
Predicting Structure & Bonding Different types of structure and bonding have different effects on the physical properties of substances such as their melting and boiling points, electric...
Simple Molecular Compounds Simple Molecular Compounds Covalent substances tend to have small molecular structures, such as Cl2, H2O or CO2 These small molecules are known as simple molecules...
Giant Lattices Ionic Lattices The ions form a lattice structure which is an evenly distributed crystalline structure Ions in a lattice are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so that pos...
Metallic Bonding Metal atoms are tightly packed together in lattice structures When the metal atoms are in lattice structures, the electrons in their outer shells are free to move throughout...
Intermolecular Forces & Physical Properties Branching The larger the surface area of a molecule, the more contact it will have with adjacent molecules The surface area of a molecule is r...
