Organic Liquid Preparation & Purification Simple Distillation This is used to separate a liquid and soluble solid from a solution (e.g. water from a solution of salt water) or a pure liq...
Reactions of Alcohols Combustion of alcohols Alcohols react with oxygen in the air when ignited and undergo complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water alcohol + oxygen → carbon dio...
Classifying Alcohols Alcohols are a family of molecules that contain the hydroxyl functional group, -OH Their general formula is CnH2n+1OH The nomenclature of alcohols follows the pattern a...
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes Nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur in two different ways (known as SN2 and SN1 reactions) depending on the structure of the halogenoalkane involved T...
Relative Rates of Hydrolysis Measuring the rate of hydrolysis Acidified aqueous silver nitrate can be used to measure the rate of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes The following method is used: ...
Nucleophilic Substitution: Mechanisms A nucleophilic substitution reaction is one in which a nucleophile attacks a carbon atom which carries a partial positive charge An atom that has a part...
Nucleophilic Substitution: Reactions A nucleophile is an electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons ‘Nucleophile’ means ‘nucleus / positive charge loving’ as nucleophiles are ...
Classifying Halogenoalkanes Naming halogenoalkanes We use the prefixes Fluoro for fluorine Chloro for chlroine Bromo for bromine Iodo for iodine The name of the halogenoalkane is based on th...
Disposal of Polymers Polymers provide a readily available, cheap alternative to many metal, glass, paper and cardboard materials in everyday use The low reactivity of many polymers makes the...
