Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.4.1 Benzene Structure
Models of Benzene Structure of Benzene The structure of benzene was determined many years ago, by a chemist called Kekule The structure consists of 6 carbon atoms in a hexagonal ring, with a...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.3.4 Acyl Chlorides & Esters
Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis of Esters - Acid The reverse of the esterification reaction is called hydrolysis Ester hydrolysis is a useful reaction for creating biodegradable plastics Est...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.3.3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids In aqueous solution they are only slightly ionised, to give low concentrations of hydronium ions and alkanoate ions (often called carboxylate ions) This partial...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.3.2 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are compounds with a -COOH functional group They can be prepared by a series of different reactions Oxidation of primary alcohols & aldeh...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.3.1 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acid is the name given to the family of compounds that contain the carboxyl functional group, -COOH The general formula of...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.2.2 Testing for Carbonyls
Reactions of Carbonyls Carbonyl compounds can undergo a number of reactions, some of which allow you to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone Oxidation - with acidified potassium dich...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.2.1 Carbonyl Compounds
Aldehydes & Ketones Aldehydes and ketones contain the carbonyl functional group, C=O This is why aldehydes and ketones are also known as carbonyls The difference between aldehydes and ke...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记7.1.1 Chirality
Optical isomers A carbon atom that has four different atoms or groups of atoms attached to it is called a chiral carbon or chiral centre Chira comes from a Greek word meaning hand, so we talk about...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记6.3.4 Ligand Exchange
Ligand Exchange Ligand exchange (or ligand substitution) is when one ligand in a complex is replaced by another Ligand exchange forms a new complex that is more stable than the original one ...
