Stages of Respiration An overview of respiration Respiration involves the transfer of chemical potential energy from nutrient molecules (such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins) into a usable ener...
Oxidation & Reduction Oxidation and reduction are commonly known as redox reactions These reactions occur at the same time and involve the transfer of electrons between molecules Oxidation is t...
Calculating & Plotting Rates of Reaction Enzyme catalysed reactions can be affected by changes in pH, temperature or substrate concentration The rate of reaction can be determined by measuring ...
Bioinformatics: Investigating Metabolism NOS: Developments in scientific research follow improvements in computing: developments in bioinformatics, such as the interrogation of databases, have faci...
Enzyme Inhibitors Inhibitors are chemical substances that can bind to an enzyme and reduce its activity Inhibitors can be formed from within the cell or can be introduced from the external environm...
Metabolic Pathways Metabolic pathways involve a series of small steps, each step involves a chemical change The enzyme-catalysed reactions that make up metabolic pathways usually consist of chains ...
Identifying Polysomes Translation can occur simultaneously at multiple positions along mRNA Polysomes (or polyribosomes) are groups of two or more ribosomes translating the same mRNA transcript Mul...
Primary Structure Levels of Protein Structure Proteins are relatively large, complex molecules that contain one or more chains of amino acids known as polypeptides The three-dimensional arrangement...
Bioinformatics The 21st Century has seen a tremendous increase in the amount of biological data This has been due to rapid advances in DNA sequencing and other technologies Developments in scientif...
