CIE IGCSE Biology: 复习笔记：1.1.2 Concept & Uses of Classification Systems How Organisms are Classified There are millions of species of organisms on Earth A species is defined as a gro...
CIE IGCSE Biology: 复习笔记：1.1.1 Characteristics of Living Organisms Characteristics of Living Organisms Movement: an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of posit...
Biochemical Tests: Proteins The Biuret test can be carried out quickly and easily in a lab to determine if a sample contains proteins Biuret ‘reagent’ contains an alkali and copper (II) sulfate whi...
Biochemical Tests: Lipids Identifying biological molecules Different qualitative reagents can be used to identfy the presence of biological molecules in samples Ethanol is used to identify lipids B...
Biochemical Tests: Reducing Sugars & Starch Benedict’s solution can be used to carry out a semi-quantitative test on a reducing sugar solution to determine the concentration of reducing sugar p...
Practical: Factors Affecting Membrane Structure & Permeability The permeability of cell membranes is affected by different factors or conditions, such as: Temperature Solvent concentration &nbs...
Practical: Investigating Water Potential Practical 1: Investigating water potential using potato cylinders It is possible to investigate the effects of immersing plant tissue in solutions of differ...
EDEXCEL IGCSE CHEMISTRY: DOUBLE SCIENCE 复习笔记：4.5.2 Disposal of Addition Polymers Disposal of Addition Polymers Addition polymers are formed by the joining up of many small molecules wit...
EDEXCEL IGCSE CHEMISTRY: DOUBLE SCIENCE 复习笔记：4.5.1 Addition Polymers Monomers Polymers are large molecules of high relative molecular mass and are made by linking together large numbers...
