Interpreting Particle Tracks Particle detectors that count particles, like Geiger-Muller tubes, are useful but they cannot distinguish different types of particle Modern detectors can show the path...
Radius of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field A charged particle in uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to its direction of motion travels in a circular path This is because the magnet...
Particle Accelerators & Detectors Linear Accelerators A linear accelerator (LINAC) is a type of particle accelerator that accelerates ions (charged particles) to very high speeds in straight li...
Thermionic Emission When metals are heated, the conduction electrons within them gain energy If these electrons gain sufficient energy, they are able to leave the surface of the metal This is known...
Alpha Particle Scattering Evidence for the structure of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the beginning of the 20th century from the study of alpha particle scattering This structure ...
Nucleon & Proton Number Atomic symbols are written in a specific notation as shown below: Atomic symbols show the proton number and nucleon number The top number A represents the nucleon...
Root-Mean-Square Current & Potential Difference The root-mean-square (rms) current Irms is defined by the equation: Where: I0 = peak current (A) The rms voltage Vrms is defined by the eq...
Alternating Currents & Potential Differences An alternating current (a.c) is defined as: A current which periodically varies between a positive and negative value This means the direction of an...
Faraday's Law Faraday's Law connects the rate of change of flux linkage with induced e.m.f It is defined in words as: The magnitude of the induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of chan...
