Thermodynamic Feasibility Feasibility The Eꝋ values of a species indicate how easily they can get oxidised or reduced The more positive the value, the easier it is to reduce the species on t...
Conventional Cell Representation Conventional Representation of Cells As it is cumbersome and time-consuming to draw out every electrochemical cell in full, a system of notation is used whic...
Measuring Standard Electrode Potential There are three different types of half-cells that can be connected to a standard hydrogen electrode to measure standard electrode potential A metal / ...
Standard Electrode Potentials Standard electrode potential The position of equilibrium and therefore the electrode potential depends on factors such as: Temperature Pressure of gases Concent...
Reduction & Oxidation To recap, there are three definitions of oxidation and reduction used in different branches of chemistry Oxidation and reduction can be used to describe any of the...
Arrhenius & Activation Energy The rate equation shows how each of the reactants in a reaction effects the rate of the reaction and it includes the rate constant, k However, k only remain...
Deducing Reaction Mechanisms Chemical kinetics can only suggest a reaction mechanism, they cannot prove it However, they can be used to disprove a proposed mechanism Elementary steps ...
Deducing Rate-Determining Steps Rate-determining step & intermediates A chemical reaction can only go as fast as the slowest part of the reaction So, the rate-determining step is the slo...
Reaction Order Graphs Reaction Order Using Concentration-Time Graphs In a zero-order reaction, the concentration of the reactant is inversely proportional to time This means that the reactan...
9月19日，美国大学理事会College Board 宣布大陆2023年AP考试报名正式开启。在2022-23学年，大学理事会继续与Prometric合作管理国内的AP考试报名和考务工作。 目前，2023年5月举行的AP考试报名工作已经正式启动，...
9月19日，美国大学理事会College Board 宣布大陆2023年AP考试报名正式开启。 在2022-23学年，大学理事会继续与Prometric合作管理国内的AP考试报名和考务工作。 2022-23学年AP艺术史考试可以正式报名了！ AP艺术史...
Continuous Monitoring Method Continuous monitoring involves collecting experimental data throughout the course of a reaction to plot a concentration-time graph Two of the most common ways to...
