Testing for Organic Functional Groups REQUIRED PRACTICAL 6 For this practical, you need to be able to give the tests and positive results for the following functional groups: Alkenes Alcohol...
Distillation of an Organic Product REQUIRED PRACTICAL 5 Distillation of an organic product: Distillation is a common practical completed in organic chemistry For this course, the most common...
Identifying Anions & Cations REQUIRED PRACTICAL 4 Test Tube Reactions Simple test tube reactions can be done to identify the following ions: Group 2 ions (M2+) Ammonium ions (NH4+) Halid...
Rate of Reaction REQUIRED PRACTICAL 3 Factors which affect the rate of a chemical reaction During a reaction, the reactants are used up and changed into the products The rate of a chemical r...
Measurement of an Enthalpy Change REQUIRED PRACTICAL 2 Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry is a technique used to measure changes in enthalpy of chemical reactions A calorimeter can be ma...
Volumetric Analysis REQUIRED PRACTICAL 1 Performing the Titration The key piece of equipment used in the titration is the burette Burettes are usually marked to a precision of 0.10 cm3 Since...
Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition Electrophilic addition Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition reactions In an electrophilic addition reaction, two reactants form only one product So, elect...
Mechanism: Elimination In an elimination reaction, a small molecule is removed leaving behind an alkene This is another reaction of halogenoalkanes The halogenoalkanes are heated with ethano...
Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution A nucleophile is an electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons ‘Nucleophile’ means ‘nucleus/positive charge loving’ as nucleophiles are at...
