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Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases Gases consist of atoms or molecules randomly moving around at high speeds The kinetic theory of gases models the thermodynamic behaviour of gases by linki...
Ideal Gas Equation The equation of state for an ideal gas (or the ideal gas equation) can be expressed as: pV = nRT The ideal gas equation can also be written in the form: pV = NkT An ideal gas is ...
Ideal Gases An ideal gas is one which obeys the relation: pV ∝ T Where: p = pressure of the gas (Pa) V = volume of the gas (m3) T = thermodynamic temperature (K) The molecules in a gas move around ...
Amount of Substance In thermodynamics, the amount of substance is measured in the SI unit ‘mole’ This has the symbol mol The mole is a unit of substance, not a unit of mass The mole is defined as: ...
Defining Latent Heat Capacity Energy is required to change the state of substance Examples of changes of state are: Melting = solid to liquid Evaporation/vaporisation/boiling = liquid to gas Sublim...
Defining Specific Heat Capacity The specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as: The amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C This quantity ...
Scale of Thermodynamic Temperature As an everyday scale of temperature, Celsius (oC) is the most familiar This scale is based on the properties of water - the freezing point of water was taken as t...
Measurement of Temperature A thermometer is any device that is used to measure temperature Each type of thermometer uses a physical property of a material that varies with temperature - examples of...
Defining Thermal Equilibrium Thermal energy is always transferred from a hotter region to lower region Thermal equilibrium is defined as: When two substances in physical contact with each other no ...
